Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a child associated with coronavirus disease 19 in the brazilian amazon: fatal outcome in an infant

ABSTRACT Objective: Recently, there have been reports of children with severe inflammatory syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction associated with elevated inflammatory markers. These cases are reported as presenting the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. In this study, we describe with parental permission a case of MIS-C in an infant with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Case description: A seven-month-old infant, with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of extreme preterm birth and very low weight at birth, with an initial course of mild respiratory symptoms and abrupt progression to vasoplegic shock, myocarditis and hyperinflammation syndrome, shown by high levels of troponin I, ferritin, CRP, D-dimer and hypoalbuminemia. Despite the intensive care provided, the child developed multiple organ dysfunction and died. Comments: Patients with a history of extreme prematurity may present with MIS-C in the presence of COVID-19 and are a group of special concern. RESUMO Objetivo: Recentemente, foram descritos relatos de crianças com exame positivo para o coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associado à disfunção de múltiplos órgãos, secundária à hiperinflamação, denominada de síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica pediátrica (do inglês multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children - MIS-C). O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de MIS-C em lactente com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e com evolução fatal abrupta, a despeito do suporte de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Descrição do caso: Lactente de sete meses, com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e antecedentes de prematuridade extrema, com quadro inicial de síndrome gripal e progressão abrupta para choque vasoplégico, miocardite e síndrome de hiperinflamação, evidenciados por níveis elevados de troponina I, ferritina, proteína C reativa (PCR), dímero D e hipoalbuminemia. Não obstante o suporte de terapia intensiva instituído, a criança evoluiu com disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e morte. Comentários: Pacientes com antecedentes de prematuridade extrema podem apresentar MIS-C na vigência de doença do coronavírus 19 (COVID-19) e constituir um grupo de preocupação especial.

MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN A CHILD ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 19 IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON: FATAL OUTCOME IN AN INFANT.

OBJECTIVE: Recently, there have been reports of children with severe inflammatory syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction associated with elevated inflammatory markers. These cases are reported as presenting the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. In this study, we describe with parental permission a case of MIS-C in an infant with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. CASE DESCRIPTION: A seven-month-old infant, with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of extreme preterm birth and very low weight at birth, with an initial course of mild respiratory symptoms and abrupt progression to vasoplegic shock, myocarditis and hyperinflammation syndrome, shown by high levels of troponin I, ferritin, CRP, D-dimer and hypoalbuminemia. Despite the intensive care provided, the child developed multiple organ dysfunction and died. COMMENTS: Patients with a history of extreme prematurity may present with MIS-C in the presence of COVID-19 and are a group of special concern.